Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Breast Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Breast Cancer - Essay Example According to Weaver (2007), there are two types of breast cancers. One is the ductal breast cancer that takes place in ducts connecting the lobes and the nipple. Weaver (2007) said that this is about 80% of the breast cancers. In contrast, lobular breast cancer that takes place in the lobes where milk production occurs accounts from 10 to 15% of cancer patients (Weaver, 2007). Diagnosis. Diagnosis is ââ¬Å"the process of finding the nature of the disorderâ⬠(British Medical Association, 2008, p. 170). In executing diagnosis, a medical professional ââ¬Å"listens to a patientââ¬â¢s account of his or her illness and a physical examination is usually involvedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"tests may be ordered after the formation of a provisional diagnosisâ⬠(British Medical Association, 2008, p. 170). Breast cancer is suspected when a lump is discovered in breast self-examination or mammography (British Medical Association, 2008). However, doctors usually make the diagnosis of a breast cancer based on the results of a biopsy ordered on the patient (British Medical Association, 2008). Pathophysiology. Pathophysiology is ââ¬Å"the study of the disease on body functionsâ⬠(British Medical Association, 2008, p. 436). The current knowledge on the pathophysiology of breast cancers is that the condition emerges after a series of molecular changes at the cellular level that result in the ââ¬Å"outgrowth and spread of breast ephithelial cells with immortal features and uncontrolled growthâ⬠(Swart, 2011, second paragraph).... Etiology. Etiology or aetiology means the ââ¬Å"group of conditions which form the cause of any diseaseâ⬠(Marcovitch, 2005, p. 252). It also means ââ¬Å"that part of medical science dealing with the causes of the diseaseâ⬠(Marcovitch, 2005, p. 16). Based on the work of Swart (2011), it seems that the most important etiological knowledge on breast cancer at present is that the etiology for breast cancer is not random but separable based on ââ¬Å"distinct molecular and cellular originsâ⬠(Swart, 2011, 3rd paragraph). Further, according to Swart (2011, 3rd paragraph), based on the current etiology on breast cancer, thinking on the risks factors, prevention, and treatment strategies are now changing. Clinical manifestations. Clinical manifestation or signs refer to ââ¬Å"the physical manifestations of an illness elicited by a doctor when examining a patientââ¬âfor example, a rash, lump, swelling, fever or altered physical functions such as a reflexâ⬠(Marcov itch, 2005, p. 143). In the case of breast cancer, one the clinical manifestations can be a ââ¬Å"painless lumpâ⬠(British Medical Association, 2008, p. 94). Other symptoms ââ¬Å"may include a dark discharge from the nipple, retraction (indentation) of the nipple, and an area of dimpled, creased skin over the lumpâ⬠(British Medical Association, 2008, p. 94). Defining the Role of a Breast Cancer Nurse One concept on the role or intervention of the nursing profession among breast cancer patients is the one articulated by St. Vincent Medical Center (2008) pertaining to a ââ¬Å"Breast Cancer Nurse Navigator.â⬠According to the Vincent Medical Center (2008, 1st paragraph), a Breast Cancer Nurse Navigator ââ¬Å"assist breast cancer patients and their families find
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